Neuer Zeitschriftenbeitrag von Ricci et al. 2019

FO and MD have their drawbacks when employed as independent systems. To establish substantial superiority over single membrane process, an innovative FO and MD integration in a hybrid submerged module was in- troduced in this study. Initially, FO and MD were evaluated individually, using a conventional side-stream module. The stable-operation conditions of the hybrid module were estimated based on the results of the side- stream module: feed, DS, and distillate temperatures at 20, 40, and 20 °C, respectively. Sequentially, the actual stable-operation of the hybrid module was determined. The DS temperature found was higher than the one estimated by using the side-stream module (45 °C). This was related to lower fluxes in the submerged config- uration, explained by significant polarization effects. Despite that, the hybrid is less energy-intensive compared to the side-stream since it is not necessary to pump the feed solution to an external compartment. The hybrid showed high rejection of TOC, TN, NH 4 , and TrOCs, which were 94.9%, 93.8%, 99.8%, and > 97.5%, respec- tively. The results showed the potential of hybrid configuration in water treatment systems. The use of a single module allows the re-concentration of the DS and the production of distillate continuously, reducing the foot- print of the processes.

Ricci et al. 2019